Diagnosing MySQL at Scale (Part 2): Storage Subsystems, Buffer Pool Latches, and Memory Spills (from MySQL :: under_the_hood)
pIn transactional database systems, the latency gap between memory access (tens to hundreds of nanoseconds) and persistent storage access (tens to hundreds of microseconds for local NVMe devices and milliseconds for remote cloud block storage such as Amazon EBS) spans multiple orders of magnitude. Once a workload exhausts available memory and begins interacting heavily with storage, query response
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